Science GLE 6-10

		Component 1.2 Structures: Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems.
Physical Systems	GLE	6	7	8	9	10
	1.2.2	Understand how various factors affect energy transfers and that energy can be transformed from one form of energy to another. § Determine and describe the factors that affect heat energy transfer (e.g., properties of substances/materials, distance, direction, position). § Provide examples of materials that are heat conductors and materials that are heat insulators. § Describe the transfer of energy by waves. § Describe how an increase in one type of energy of an object or system results in a decrease in other types of energy within that object or system. § Trace and explain the transfer of energy within a system (e.g., simple machines).			Analyze energy transfers and transformations within a system including energy conservation. § Analyze conditions likely to transfer energy from one part of a system to another. § Explain how chemical or nuclear reactions can absorb or release energy in a system. § Examine and explain how energy is transferred within and among systems. § Describe what happens to the system’s total energy as energy is transferred or transformed (e.g., the sum of kinetic and potential remains somewhat constant). § Explain and give examples of how changes in the atomic or molecular configuration can result in an input or a release of energy. § Measure decreases and increases of energy during energy transfers in terms of energy conservation.
	Energy Transfer and Transformation
	1.2.3	Understand that all matter is made up of atoms and that atoms may combine to form molecules. § Show that atoms may be combined in various ways and numbers to form different substances. § Diagram what happens as atoms form compounds (e.g., ball and stick diagrams). § Describe the differences between compounds, mixtures and solutions. § Describe the relative amounts of atoms or molecules in a mixture § Build a model of a substance such as table salt (NaCl) using simple materials. § Build a model showing the rearrangement of atoms before and after a chemical reaction (H₂ and O₂ forming H₂O).			Analyze the relationship between the structural characteristics of atoms and how atoms bond to form molecules. § Describe the characteristics of electrons, neutrons, and/or protons. § Describe the role of the electrons, neutrons, and/or protons in atomic/molecular attractions and bonds. § Diagram and explain what occurs at the electron level during atomic bonding. § Predict and explain whether an atom will lose, gain, or share electrons when forming chemical bonds with another atom.
	Structure of Matter

		Component 1.2 Structures: Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems.
Earth and Space Systems	GLE	K	1	2	3	4	5
	1.2.4	Know that Earth is a round planet surrounded by air with land and water on the surface. § State that Earth is round (a sphere) and is mainly solid inside and surrounded by air. § Identify land masses, bodies of water, and landforms on a globe (e.g., continents, oceans, rivers, mountains). § Describe evidence of the presence of air (e.g., leaves moving on trees).			Understand that Earth’s system includes a mostly solid interior, landforms, bodies of water, and an atmosphere. § Know various landmasses, bodies of water, and landforms (e.g., continents, oceans, seas, rivers, mountains, plains) from a globe and a map. § Construct a model that demonstrates understanding of Earth’s structure as a system made of parts (e.g., solid surface, water, atmosphere).
	Components and Patterns of Earth Systems
	1.2.5	Know that Earth orbits the Sun, and that the Moon orbits Earth. (as seen from an Earth) § Observe and illustrate the changes in the Sun during the day and the Moon from day to day (e.g., record the Moon on daily calendar). § Observe the phases of the Moon.			Know that Earth is one of several planets that orbits the Sun, and that the Moon orbits Earth. (as seen from Earth) § Observe and illustrate the changes in the Moon from day to day (e.g., record the Moon on daily calendar). § Illustrate and describe the solar system showing the orbits of planets around the Sun. § Illustrate the Moon's orbit around Earth.
	Components of the solar System and Beyond (Universe)

		Component 1.2 Structures: Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems.
Earth and Space Systems	GLE	6	7	8	9	10
	1.2.4	Understand the components and interconnections of Earth systems, including the core, the mantle, oceanic and crustal plates, the hydrosphere, and atmosphere. § Describe the components of the Earth system(s) (e.g., crust, atmosphere, and hydrosphere). § Describe the interactions among the parts of Earth’s systems, such as the atmosphere and the hydrosphere (e.g., weather) or the hydrosphere and the lithosphere.			Analyze the patterns and arrangements of Earth systems and subsystems including the core, the mantle, tectonic plates, the hydrosphere, and layers of the atmosphere. § Identify and describe sources of Earth’s internal and external thermal energy. § Explain how plate tectonics is caused by Earth’s internal thermal energy (e.g., Washington State volcanism). § Describe how heat and/or salinity differences produce density gradients causing convection that drive Earth processes (e.g., weather patterns, mantle movement, ocean currents). § Correlate Earth’s surface features to observable weather patterns (e.g., rain shadow, deserts, rain forest). § Describe the interactions among Earth’s subsystems (e.g., between the atmosphere and hydrosphere, between the atmosphere and lithosphere).
	Components and Patterns of Earth Systems
	1.2.5	Understand the relationships among the components of the solar system including the Sun, Earth, the Moon, asteroids, comets, the other planets and their moons. § Describe how the Earth-Sun relationship accounts for the length of shadows on Earth. § Understand that the rotation of Earth on its axis every twenty-four hours causes day and night. § Describe how Earth's axial tilt as it orbits the sun causes seasons. § Compare the rotation and revolution of the planets as they orbit the sun. § Compare the planets of the solar system. § Describe the interactions among the parts of the solar system (e.g., shadows, moon phases, solar and lunar eclipses, tides). § Understand that asteroids, comets, and meteors are also found in the solar system and interact with the planet and moons.			Understand that the solar system is in a galaxy in a universe composed of an immense number of stars and other celestial bodies. § Explain how gravity and inertia affects the solar system and the universe. § Describe the location of our solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy. § Describe the different types of galaxies. § Know that stars differ from each other in size, temperature, and age, but they appear to be made up of the same materials.
	Components and Patterns of Earth Systems

		Component 1.2 Structures: Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems
Living Systems	GLE	K	1	2	3	4	5
	1.2.6	Know that living things are made of small parts. § Observe and identify how living things look different under a magnifier. § Observe and identify the parts of an object seen under a magnifier. § Illustrate or draw the small parts that make up the whole living thing.			Understand that organisms can be a single cell or many cells that form parts with different functions. § Explain that all living things (plants, animals, and single-celled organisms) are made of cells). § Describe how plant and animal cells are similar and different. § Identify and describe the life functions of living things and cells (e.g., extracting energy from food, using energy, and getting rid of waste). § Observe, identify, and describe cells with a microscope.
	Structure and Organization of Living Systems
	1.2.7	Understand that plants and animals have life cycles. § Describe the life cycle of a plant or animal when given a labeled picture or diagram of that plant or animal. § Describe that the young of plants and animals grow to resemble their parents as they grow into adults.			Understand the life cycles of plants and animals, and the differences between inherited and acquired characteristics. § Describe the life cycle of a plant or animal. § Describe the difference between an inherited and an acquired characteristic. § Identify and explain which traits of plants or animals are likely to be inherited and which are likely to be acquired during an organism’s life. § Explain why plants and animals resemble their parents.
	Molecular Basis of Heredity
	1.2.8	Understand that human body parts are organized to work together. § Label external parts of the human body. § Label and match body parts with their functions. § Explain how one body part works with another (e.g., hand with mouth; knee with leg, eye with brain; heart with lungs).			Understand the organization and function of human body structures and organs and how those structures and organs interconnect. § Recognize, explain and give examples of human systems that are composed of organs. § Describe how the systems allow the human body to take in and use nutrients (air, food, water) for living, growth, and repair. § Describe the functions of major organs. § Describe the interdependence of organ systems in the human body. § Describe the organs that make up human systems. § Describe how the systems allow the human body to take in and use nutrients (air, food, water) for living, growth, and repair.
	Human Biology

		Component 1.2 Structures: Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems.
Living Systems	GLE	6	7	8	9	10
	1.2.6	Understand that specialized cells within multi-cellular organisms form different kinds of tissues, organs, and organ systems to carry out life functions. § Describe and identify how plant and animal cells are similar and different in structure and function. § Identify and explain basic cell functions (extracting energy from food, using energy, and getting rid of waste). § Describe how plant and animal cells are similar and different in structure and function. § Describe how cells are arranged into body structures and how these structures work together and depend on each other to sustain life.			Understand the structures within cells and how specific genes regulate the functions performed by these structures. § Identify and describe the cellular structures that allow cells to extract energy from food, using energy, get rid of wastes, and respond to the environment. § Describe how genes control protein synthesis. § Describe how proteins control life functions within different parts of the cells.
	Structure and Organization of Living Systems
	1.2.7	Understand that organisms pass on genetic information as they reproduce and that an organism’s characteristics are determined by both genetic and environmental influences. § Identify and describe how genes inherited from parents are combined in their offspring. § Identify the role of sex cells in reproduction. § Describe the role of reproduction in the survival and maintenance of a species. § Explain how physical traits of living things can be affected by genetic information and/or by interactions with the environment (e.g., nutrition, disease, sanitation).			Understand how genetic information (DNA) in the cell is encoded at the molecular level and provides genetic continuity between generations. § Identify and describe how genes are combined from sex cells to create offspring. § Describe and explain the significance of the steps of the cell cycle. § Describe the relationship between genes and chromosomes. § Illustrate and explain the processes of transcription and translation and their role in protein production. § Explain how organisms pass on genetic information via both asexual and sexual reproduction, including the role of DNA, chromosomes, and Mendelian genetics. § Explain how organisms can be affected by both genetic information and interactions with the environment.
	Molecular Basis of heredity
	1.2.8	Understand human life functions and the interconnecting organ systems necessary to maintain human life, including circulatory, digestive, excretory, respiratory, and the muscular-skeletal systems. § Describe the components and functions of the organ systems. § Describe relationships among the organ systems of the human body.			Understand how the human organ systems regulate growth, development, and life functions, including the endocrine, immune, nervous, reproductive, and integumentary systems. § Name the structural and functional characteristics of each system. § Describe how homeostasis is maintained by organ systems. § Explain how each system helps maintain human health. § Describe the role of human systems during human growth and development.
	Human Biology

		Component 1.3 Changes: Understand how interactions within and among systems cause changes in matter and energy.
Physical Systems	GLE	K	1	2	3	4	5
	1.3.1	Know that a force is a push or a pull and know that some forces act over distances and some act through touch. § Identify a push or a pull as a force. § Know that things near the earth fall to the ground unless something holds them up. § Describe that magnets can make some things move without being touched			Understand forces in terms of strength and direction. § Describe attraction (pull) and repulsion (push) of electrical and magnetic forces in terms of strength and direction. § Identify and describe the distance a force is acting on an object(s) (e.g., magnetic, electrical, gravity). § Recognize that a force occurs when objects are touching (in contact). § Compare the strength of one force and another force in the same or opposite direction (e.g., stronger, weaker).
	Nature of Forces
	1.3.2	Know that a force can change the motion of familiar objects. § Observe that a force can cause an object to move in a particular direction (e.g., up, down, right, left, above, below). § Observe whether the force on an object causes it to speed up, slow down, or maintain speed § Arrange familiar objects in the order of heaviest to lightest and easiest to greatest to push or pull.			Understand that forces change the motion of familiar objects, including strength and direction of force and the weight of the objects. § Investigate and report how the same force causes objects of different weights to move differently. § Investigate and report the difference in the motion of an object when the same force is applied from different directions. § Illustrate how different forces cause the same weight to move differently.